Sudha Ramalingam, a relentless human rights activist and practising advocate in the Madras High Court, has been a formidable force in championing the rights of the marginalised. From holding pivotal roles in organisations like the People’s Union for Civil Liberties to her extensive involvement in fact-finding missions addressing issues such as custodial rape and minority rights, Sudha’s dedication to justice knows no bounds. In addition to her advocacy work, Sudha runs the Manonmani Trust, which assists people in need.
Her advocacy efforts, spanning from assisting victims of injustice to training policemen and educators on human rights, reflect a deep-rooted passion for societal change. Recognized as one of the leading voices against gender-based violence .Sudha’s tireless activism gives hope and inspiration to those striving for a more just and equitable society.
- What inspired you to become a lawyer and human rights activist?
I always believed that lawyers were the ones who could fight for just causes. My inclination towards argumentation further solidified this belief, with others around me affirming that I had the qualities of a good lawyer. During my post-graduation, I encountered situations where my classmates faced issues that necessitated legal intervention. Witnessing how legal aid facilitated remedies reinforced my conviction that the path to justice often leads through the realm of law. So, naturally, I gravitated towards pursuing a career in law. Despite my determination, my parents initially opposed my decision, adhering to traditional gender roles that limited career options for women. Eventually, I succeeded in convincing my parents and secured admission to law school. As for my involvement in women’s rights activism, my quest for justice, especially for women, has always been a driving force. Observing how women often faced greater hurdles and injustices further fueled my commitment to advocating for gender equality. However, I don’t limit myself to solely being a women’s rights activist; I see myself as a human rights activist. I believe in solidarity among all genders and advocate for the rights of marginalised communities, including trans individuals. In today’s world, where recognition of diverse identities is increasing, it’s crucial to unite under the banner of human rights activism, transcending narrow categorizations. - How do you navigate the intersectionality of gender, class, and other factors when fighting for justice for underprivileged women?
As I mentioned earlier, advocating for rights, whether women’s rights or those of marginalised genders, was incredibly challenging in the past. People often ridiculed and marginalised those who spoke up for such causes, labeling them as anti-family or anti-establishment. As a woman advocating for these rights, I faced additional scrutiny and prejudice. Courts sometimes dismissed my arguments, suggesting that I should adopt a softer approach due to my gender, rather than seeing me as an advocate in the same light as my male counterparts. Thankfully, perceptions have gradually shifted, and significant legal advancements have been made, such as the repeal of Section 377 and the recognition of the third gender. Cases involving marginalised communities, especially the third gender, were particularly difficult due to societal unfamiliarity and prejudice. However, despite the obstacles, I remained committed to advocating for their rights. Marginalised individuals often lack a voice and face systemic barriers, making it challenging to secure justice for them. Yet, it’s not impossible, and progress has been made, albeit slowly. Though we’ve come a long way, achieving true equality remains an ongoing struggle. - What changes do you hope to see in the legal system to better support women’s rights and gender equality?
Our legal system appears robust, with our constitution emphasizing equality and providing special provisions for various marginalised groups, including women, children, and the socially underprivileged. However, the reality paints a different picture. Disparities persist, and bridging this gap is imperative. The journey toward true equality begins at home. We must instill values of equality by treating our children, regardless of gender, with equal opportunities and encouragement. Discrimination often starts within households, where traditional gender roles are perpetuated. Even within co-educational institutions, the segregation of genders perpetuates stereotypes and hinders true equality. Bridging this gap requires concerted efforts across all levels of society, including education systems, workplaces, and the media. Sensitising people from a young age, through education and awareness campaigns, is crucial to fostering a society where true gender equality is realised in practice, not just on paper. - Can you discuss any ongoing challenges or emerging issues in the fight for women’s rights that you are currently addressing?
The challenges women face, particularly in the workplace, are significant. Despite laws like Vishaka guidelines, which protect against sexual harassment, women’s voices are often stifled, and they fear retaliation if they report misconduct. This fear stems from societal norms and workplace dynamics that prioritise protecting the accused rather than supporting the victim. In many cases, women endure harassment silently for fear of repercussions on their careers and personal life. The internal complaints committees set up to address such issues often receive complaints long after the incidents occur, highlighting the pervasive culture of fear and silence. Addressing these challenges requires a holistic approach that includes sensitising people from a young age, enforcing laws effectively, and creating supportive environments in workplaces and public spaces. - What factors contribute to the persistence of gender inequality and discrimination, and how can society address these challenges effectively to achieve true gender equality?
Societal attitudes towards gender equality and feminism have evolved over the years, yet persistent challenges remain. Lack of awareness about women’s rights and impunity among perpetrators contribute to gender inequality. Changing entrenched beliefs requires multifaceted approaches, including education starting from homes and schools. Despite legal frameworks, patriarchal attitudes and cultural practices like dowry persist, necessitating women’s empowerment and societal recognition of their rights. To achieve true gender equality, we must focus on education beyond literacy, fostering scientific thinking and critical reasoning. Politicians should lead in promoting evidence-based policies. Breaking gender stereotypes is crucial for women’s equal opportunities in all professions. Additionally, fostering a culture of honesty and accountability is essential to ensure that progress toward equality is not undermined. Collaboration across society is necessary to address deep-rooted inequalities and create a more inclusive and equitable society for all genders. - What advice do you offer to young women entering the legal profession?
The legal profession is challenging yet rewarding, demanding dedication and time. Despite financial uncertainties, it empowers individuals to contribute positively to society. Women entering law can drive change and rise in the field, benefiting from various career opportunities. Understanding the law is crucial for everyday life, empowering women to advocate for themselves. Overall, the legal profession offers continuous learning and the chance to make a meaningful impact while earning a living. - How does Manonmani Trust, effectively address the needs of the elderly, victims of domestic violence, and underprivileged students ?
Manonmani Trust, established in 2006, operates under the guidance of individuals like D. Saraswathi Varadarajan and N. Hemalatha and myself providing shelter for the elderly / needy and victims of domestic violence through Anbagam at Thirukandalam village in Tiruvallur district. The Trust supports education by offering free tuition services, digital resources to underprivileged students and constitutional rights education to school students while also prioritizing rural healthcare through free medical camps. To sustain its impact initiatives it networks with eminent individuals and institutions. - What message would you like to convey to women on the International Women’s Day?
Approach things scientifically and not succumb to superstitions. We must confront the inequalities we observe and fight for what is right, not swayed by empty praises. Honest, hard work is the cornerstone of meaningful progress, and it’s achievable through dedication and perseverance. International Women’s Day, celebrated annually, highlights the ongoing struggle for gender equality. Each year, a theme is chosen, yet it’s essential to ensure that the issues addressed in previous years are not forgotten. While these designated days prompt reflection on women’s issues, every day should be dedicated to empowering women and addressing gender disparities. International Women’s Day emerged from the collective struggles of countless women throughout history, underscoring the importance of ongoing activism and advocacy for women’s rights.